DSM 5 Finally Begins Its Belated and Necessary Retreat (#dsm http://critpsych.blogspot.com) Sigh of relief. The DSM 5 website announced Wednesday morning that two of its most controversial proposals have finally been dropped.

Allen Frances

Professor Emeritus, Duke University

Wonderful News: DSM 5 Finally Begins Its Belated and Necessary Retreat

Sigh of relief. The DSM 5 website announced Wednesday morning that two of its most controversial proposals have finally been dropped. We have dodged bullets on "psychosis risk" and "mixed anxiety depression." Both are now definitively rejected as official DSM 5 diagnoses and instead are being exiled to the appendix. And one other piece of good news: The criteria set for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder have been tightened (not enough, but every little bit helps).

The world is a safer place now that "psychosis risk" will not be in DSM 5. Its rejection saves our kids from the risk of unnecessary exposure to antipsychotic drugs (with their side effects of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular problems, and shortened life expectancy). "Psychosis risk" was the single worst DSM 5 proposal; we should all be grateful that DSM 5 has finally come to its senses in dropping it.

For the first time in its history, DSM 5 has shown some flexibility and capacity to correct itself. Hopefully, this is just the beginning of what will turn out to be a number of other necessary DSM 5 retreats. Wednesday's revisions should be just the first step in a systematic program of reform, a prelude to all the other changes needed before DSM 5 can become a safe and scientifically sound document.

The turnabout here can be attributed to the combination of 1) extensive criticism from experts in the field; 2) public outrage; 3) uniformly negative press coverage; and 4) the abysmal results in DSM 5 field testing. The same factors working together should deep-six many of the other risky DSM 5 proposals. This is certainly no time for complacency. Much of the rest of DSM 5 is still a mess. The reliabilities achieved for many of the other disorders are apparently unbelievably low, and the writing of the criteria sets is still unacceptably imprecise. The following specific issues need to be addressed.

1. Why introduce "disruptive mood dysregulation disorder" when it has been studied by only one research team for only six years and risks further encouraging the inappropriate use of antipsychotic drugs for kids with temper tantrums?
2. Why have a diagnosis for "minor neurocognitive disorder" that will unnecessarily frighten many people who have no more than the memory problems of old age?
3. Why insist on removing the bereavement exclusion, thus allowing the inappropriate diagnosis of major depressive disorder in people who are experiencing normal grief?
4. Why open the floodgates to even more over-diagnosis and over-medication of attention deficit disorder (by raising the allowed age of onset to 12)?
5. Why dramatically lower the threshold for generalized anxiety disorder when this will confound mental disorder with the anxiety and sadness of everyday life?
6. Why combine substance abuse with substance dependence under the rubric of addictive disorders when this confuses their different treatment needs and creates unnecessary stigma for many young people who will never go on to "addiction"?
7. Why include a category for "behavioral addictions" that will open the door to the mislabeling as mental disorder of all sorts of normal interests and passions? The DSM 5 suggestion to include "Internet addiction" in the appendix is an ominous first step.
8. Why include wording in the pedophilia criteria set that will invite further forensic abuse of the already much-misused paraphilia section?
9. Why label as mental disorder the experience of indulging in one binge-eating episode a week for three months?
10. Why introduce a system of personality diagnosis so complicated that it will never be used and will give dimensional diagnosis an undeserved bad name?
11. Why not delay publication of DSM 5 to allow enough time to complete the previously planned and crucial second stage of field testing that was abruptly cancelled because of the constant administrative delays in completing the first stage? This is the only way to guarantee acceptable reliability. We should not accept ambiguously worded DSM 5 diagnoses whose reliability barely exceeds chance.
12. And most fundamentally, why not allow for an independent scientific review of all the remaining controversial DSM 5 changes? This has been proposed by 51 mental health organizations as the only way to guarantee a credible DSM 5.

The public has six weeks to comment on the current DSM 5 suggestions. Then there will be a round of final decisions, with everything probably sewn up by mid-fall. This opening chink in the previously impervious DSM 5 armor should spur renewed efforts to get the rest of DSM 5 right.

Take this last opportunity to be heard.

For more on the latest revisions of the DSM 5 criteria sets, see
http://www.dsm5.org/Pages/Default.aspx.